Isalo National Park lies in southern Madagascar near the town of Ranohira, protecting about 81,540 hectares of sandstone massifs, deep canyons, grasslands, forests, and rocky plateaus. Its landscape has been shaped by erosion into unusual cliffs, ridges, gorges, and isolated rock formations. The park's semi-arid climate creates strong contrasts between dry open slopes and greener canyon floors, where streams support pockets of vegetation. Isalo is one of Madagascar's most distinctive protected areas, combining unusual geology with a high level of plant and animal endemism within the southern Malagasy landscape.

The park is closely associated with the Bara people, whose cultural traditions are rooted in the surrounding region. Sacred areas and burial sites occur within the Isalo massif, reflecting the continuing relationship between local communities and the landscape. Cattle keeping is an important part of Bara culture, and zebu have significant social and economic value. Local guides from communities around the park help interpret its natural and cultural features, providing insight into traditions that are closely connected with the mountains, valleys, and surrounding grasslands. Conservation work also involves local communities in protecting the park and supporting sustainable development.

Hiking is the main way to explore Isalo, with trails leading through sandstone canyons, dry forests, grasslands, and rocky formations. The Namaza Canyon is known for its shaded vegetation and natural pools, while the Piscine Naturelle is a popular swimming area fed by clear mountain water. The park also contains the Isalo Window, a natural rock opening that frames the surrounding landscape. Its plant life includes endemic aloes, euphorbias, pachypodiums, and kalanchoes, while wildlife includes ring-tailed lemurs, Verreaux's sifakas, red-fronted lemurs, reptiles, amphibians, and numerous bird species.

Isalo's unusual geology creates small habitats that support species found only in Madagascar and, in some cases, only within the Isalo region. The park contains several vegetation types, including riparian forests along canyon rivers, dry forests, sclerophyllous woodland, and plants adapted to exposed rock surfaces. The endangered golden mantella and Gottlebe's narrow-mouthed frog are among the amphibians associated with the area. Water is particularly important in the park's dry environment, with streams and natural pools creating green oases within the sandstone landscape. These contrasts make Isalo significant for both biodiversity conservation and outdoor exploration.